What are monoclonal antibodies ?what are the theutic applications of monoclonal antibodies?

A single antibody(ab) forming cell or clone produces abs sply directed against a single antigen(ag) only. Abs produced by a single clone and directed against a single antigenic determinant r called monoclonal abs(MAB). they r very useful for diagnostic n research techniques..hybridoma cells r produced( somatic cell hybrids produced by fusing ab forming spleen cells with myeloma cells.) the resultant hybrid retains ab forming capacity of spleen cells n ability of myeloma cells 2 multiply indefinitely. these hybrid cells r cloned n examined 4 production of abs. clones producing abs against desired ag r selected for continuous cultivation..such hybridomas can b maintained indefinitely in culture n 'll continue to form MABs.